In this work, Islamologist Boumédiène Benyahia presents the thinking of four major figures in the intellectual history of Islam: Avicenna, Al-Ghazali, Averroes and Ibn Arabi. After tracing the origins of Islam in 7th-century Arabia and the formation of the great schools of Muslim law in the 8th and 9th centuries, the author highlights the influence of Greek philosophy on Islamic thought and how these thinkers shaped a dialogue between theology, law and metaphysics. Through rigorous and accessible analysis, he revisits the debates and controversies that divided these intellectual figures and marked the history of Islamic thought. The book highlights the essential role of these thinkers in the transmission and circulation of ideas between East and West in the Middle Ages, testifying to the richness and complexity of this philosophical and spiritual tradition. Through this historical and analytical approach, the author offers readers keys to better understanding the intellectual dynamics that structured Islamic thought and their place in the history of ideas. Audiobook, in French. Claude COLOMBINI FRÉMEAUX